B1-B2 · General English
In this lesson, students begin by investigating the mystery of how language began. They examine four competing theories: the Bow-Wow Theory (imitation of natural sounds), the Pooh-Pooh Theory (instinctive emotional cries), the La-La Theory (musical and poetic play), and the Yo-He-Ho Theory (rhythmic chants for coordinated labor). After discussing which theory they find most plausible, they watch a short video explaining these four concepts to verify their understanding. The lesson then transitions to a reading of an excerpt from Leo Tolstoy's Wise Thoughts for Every Day ("The Object of Life"), prompting a philosophical discussion on the purpose of existence and how language preserves these thoughts for future generations. Next, learners explore how new words enter the English language today. They analyze three key mechanisms: blending (e.g., textpectation), affixation (e.g., subprime, awesomeness), and clipping (e.g., blog, flu). Students discuss personal examples of these new terms and how technology accelerates linguistic change. The core media task is an audio podcast featuring a lexicographer discussing the "Words of the Year" from 2020 to 2025. Students match recent viral terms—such as goblin mode, rizz, brain rot, permacrisis, brat, hallucinate (AI context), and parasocial—to their definitions. They then engage in a lively discussion about which of these words resonate with their own experiences, asking questions like: "When was the last time you fully went into goblin mode?" or "Do you feel like the world is living in a permacrisis?" Finally, the class reflects on how these "Words of the Year" serve as time capsules, capturing the anxieties, humor, and technological shifts of each specific era.
This lesson runs 60-90 min and can be split across two shorter sessions if needed. Both audio and video components are included, which also works well for homework-based or asynchronous practice.
PDF handout, audio materials (MP3), full downloadable package (RAR). Everything you need to run this lesson is ready to download — zero preparation required.
This lesson plan is designed for online ESL tutors working with adult learners at B1-B2 level. It uses a conversation-driven approach with authentic materials to keep adult students genuinely engaged throughout the session.
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